ARC LENGTH |
Arc Length
The best way to approach this topic is to learn the "recipe" and do the calculations. The formula comes from dividing the arc segment into teeny right triangles and suming the lengths of their hypoteni which lie on the arc. Here's the picture.
The length of the hypotenuse of each triangle is which, with some algebraic manipulation becomes since we divide through by (dx)² to get ( dy/dx )²
In some cases, the function rule makes it easier to integrate with y instead of x. In such a case, we use the second formula with the dy in it.
The length of the arc from x = a to x = b along y = f (x) is The length of the arc from y = a to y = b along x = f ( y) is |
Finding Arc Length
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Examples
If f (x) = 3x 2 / 3 10, find the length of the arc along f from A(8, 2) to B(27, 17)
Now we make the substituion u = x 2 / 3 + 4, which makes du = 2/3(x 1 / 3) dx , and
changes the limits of integration to 8 and 13 using x 2 / 3 + 4.
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Now let's do the same question using the other formula where we integrate with respect to y.
First, we have to find x in terms of y.
We find
Now we differentiate, square it, and add 1:
Now we integrate the square root of this expression over the values of y.
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Practice
1)Find the arc length of the graph of (x + 3) 2 = 8 (y 1) 3 from A(2, 3/2) to B(5, 3).
2) Find the length of the arc along y = x 3 / 2 from A(1, 1) to B(4, 8).
3) Find the length of the arc along ( y + 1)² = ( x 4 )³ from A (5, 0) to B (8, 7).
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Solutions
1) When we solve (x + 3) 2 = 8 (y 1) 3 for y, we get f ( x ) = ½( x + 3 ) 2 / 3 + 1
The arc length formula is , so we need [ f '(x)] ²
Now,
We need 1 + [f '(x)] ², which is
Notice that the denominator is a perfect square, so when we take the root, and integrate, we get
Using the substitution u = 1 + 9(x + 3) 2 / 3 and du = 6(x + 3) 1 / 3 dx, we get
2)
3)
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